Where is ganoderma lucidum found

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All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Correspondence to Li Li. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Reprints and Permissions. Yang, Y. Advances in research on the active constituents and physiological effects of Ganoderma lucidum. Download citation. Received : 23 July Accepted : 20 September Published : 29 November Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Abstract Background Ganoderma lucidum , a double-walled basidiospore produced by porous basidiomycete fungi, has been used as a traditional medicine for thousands of years. Conclusions The review summarizes the traditional usages, distribution, active constituents, structure, and biological effects of G.

Background Ganoderma lucidum is an annual or perennial fungus of the family Ganodermataceae Campos Ziegenbein et al. Distribution and cultivation of G. Cultivation of G. Traditional uses of G. Active compounds of G. Polysaccharides Polysaccharides are extracted from the mycelium, fruit body, and fermentation liquid of G. Possible repeating units of G. Full size image. Skeletal types of Ganoderma triterpenoids in G.

Table 1 Ganoderma triterpenoids in G. Table 2 Ganoderma triterpenoids in G. Table 3 Ganoderma triterpenoids in G. Table 4 Ganoderma triterpenoids in G. Table 5 Ganoderma triterpenoids in G.

Table 6 Ganoderma triterpenoids in G. Table 7 Ganoderma triterpenoids in G. Due to the influence of the environment, culture and medical theory about the medicinal methods of Ganoderma in ethnic minorities, different drug habits and experiences have been formed, such as Shui, Miao, Yi, Jingpo, Achang.

In the Jingpo ethnic group, Ganoderma is called as Natmauchi, which is used to treat dizziness, insomnia, neurasthenia, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and hepatitis. The Hani name for Ganoderma is Ahonglana, which is used for treating neurasthenia, hypertension, chronic bronchitis, silicosis in Hani medicine.

Regarding the Chinese names and usage of Ganoderma in different ethnic minorities, Jia and Li summarized the use of this medicinal material by some China ethnic minority groups Table 2.

Ganoderma has different uses in many ethnic groups. Because different geographical factors and ethnic cultural traditions influence differences in medical knowledge, they have different experiences in using the crude drug.

The successful tamed of Ganoderma had laid the foundation for the rapid development of the Ganoderma industry. In addition, it is beneficial to the human body and has ornamental value, making it a popular medicinal fungus.

Ganoderma culture has a major and far-reaching impact on the cultural fields of philosophy, medicine, literature, and art in China. However, modern pharmacological research is mainly focused on the chemical constituent activity of Ganoderma.

Many studies proved that Ganoderma has a variety of pharmacological activities, and chemical components are the premise for studying these pharmacological activities and their mechanisms. Ganoderma contains a large number of triterpenoids, most of which have a bitter taste. More than half of triterpenoids are isolated from G.

Among the common species G. Lingzhi, G. It is found in Ganoderma fruit bodies and spores, such as ganoderic acid A 10 , ganoderic acid B 11 , ganoderic acid G 17 , ganoderic acid H These structural changes have varying degrees of influence on the pharmacological activities of triterpenes. A large number of meroterpenoids are currently found in the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma.

The meroterpenoids isolated from G. The fungal-derived meroterpenoids have various biological activities such as antibacterial, 54 antifibrotic, cytotoxic and NO production inhibitory. Alkaloids are a class of nitrogen-containing organic compounds, most of which have complex cyclic structures. The nitrogen atoms are bound in the ring and are mostly alkaline, which can react with acids to form salts.

Two novel pyrrole alkaloids ganoine and ganodine have been isolated from the mycelium of G. Most of the skeleton of these amino acids remains in the alkaloids synthesized. At present, there are few alkaloids isolated from G. Biological activity is not only related to the primary structure but also largely affected by secondary and tertiary structures, in which intra- or extra-chain hydrogen bonding is an important factor in determining the level of biological activity.

Ganoderma extract GEs and Ganoderma spore oil GSO proved definite anti-tumor effects in the in vitro and in vivo studies. Wu et al. It was confirmed that , lucidenic A and ganoderic acid E 15 had obvious cytotoxicity to Hep G2, Hep G2, 2, 15 and P tumor cells.

At the same time, the study also showed that the C and C-3 substituents of triterpenes in G. Nguyen et al. GPs also plays an important role in anti-tumor activity. Huang et al. It is suggested that the anti-tumor activity of GPs involves other pathways, and anti-angiogenesis may be one of the mechanisms of antitumour effect of GPs. Triterpenoids and polysaccharides play an important role in antitumor activity, and the specific antitumour mechanism is still unclear, which needs further study.

Especially for Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus flavus , the inhibition zone is 15—25 mm.